Write full form of acronym SONAR. Explain how the method of echo- ranging is used to determine the depth of sea.
Answer:
Sound Navigation And Ranging: A transmitter producing ultrasonic waves is fitted at the bottom of a ship or a boat. The ultrasound waves emitted by the transmitter go to the bottom of the sea and get reflected from the bottom. These are received back by a detector also fitted at the bottom. Knowing the time elapsing between sending and receiving back of the ultrasonic waves and the speed of these waves in water, the depth of sea can be calculated.