Which statements accurately describe debts and deficits?

Which statements accurately describe debts and deficits? Check all that apply.

a. Debt is free and does not affect a government.
b. A government’s budget deficit causes debt to increase.
c. A government’s budget deficit causes debt to decrease.
d. Debt requires a government to pay back more than it has borrowed.
e. The deficit is the amount a government spends above what it brings in.