What led to the growth of the bhakti and Sufi movements in India?
The Bhakti Movement originated in India as a reaction against the caste system and ritualism. It was started by the Vaishnava and Saiva saints of south India.
Sufism in the medieval period developed within the fold of Islam. Sufis were the spiritual Muslims who believed in love and devotion towards god. Sufism was a Muslim movement whose followers seek to find divine truth and love through direct encounter with God.