What are electron withdrawing group and electron donating group? what are they?what are electron-withdrawing group and electron-donating group? what are they?

CBSE Class 12
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what are electron-withdrawing group and electron-donating group? what are they?

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Functional groups that withdraw electron density are called electron-withdrawing groups (EWG).
Examples of electron-withdrawing groups:
-X, -COCl, -CF3, - CN, - NH3, - NR3
Functional groups that donate electron density are called electron-donating groups (EDG).
Examples of electron-donating groups:
-O-, -NR2, -NH2 –OH, -OR, -NHCOR, -R are electron-donating groups.