“The life of pastoralists was changed dramatically under colonial rule." Support this statement with five points.
The ways in which life of pastoralists was changed were as follows :
- The colonial state transformed many grazing lands into cultivated farms to increase land revenue.
- Waste Land Rules were enacted in various parts of the country, by which uncultivated lands were taken over and given to selected individuals for cultivation.
- By the mid-19th century, various Forest Acts were also being enacted in the different provinces.
- No pastoralist was allowed access to ‘Reserved’ forests, while their grazing rights were severely restricted in ‘Protected’ forests.
- The Criminal Tribes Act, passed in 1871, did not allow the pastoralists to move out without a permit. Pastoralists had to pay tax on every animal grazing on the pastures.
- Thus, due to given reasons their lives were dramatically changed.