- “The decade of 1830 had brought great economic leaderships in Europe.”
- There was enormous increase in population all over Europe.
- There were more job seekers than employment.
- Population from rural areas migrated to cities to live in overcrowded slums.
- Small producers in towns faced shift competition from imports of cheap machine made goods from England where industralisation was more advanced.
- Peasants struggled under the burden of feudal dues and obligations.
- Rise of food crops and bad harvest led to widespread pauperism in town and country.