“Print did not only stimulates the publication of conflicting opinions among different communities also connecting them in 19th century in India.” Support the statement with example.
- BY the close of the eighteenth century, a number of newspapers and journals appeared in print. The first newspaper to come out was the weekly Bengal Gazette, brought out by Gangadhar Bhattacharya.
- Printed tracts and newspapers not only spread new ideas, but they also shaped the nature of debate. A wider public could now participate in public discussions and express their views.
- There were intense controversies between the social and religious reformers and Hindu orthodoxy over matters like widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmanical priesthood and idolatry. So that, these ideas and thoughts could reach a wider audience, newspapers were printed in the spoken language of ordinary people.
- Rammohan Roy published the ‘Sambad Kaumudi’ from 1821 and the Hindu orthodoxy commissioned the ‘Samachar Chandrika’ to oppose his opinions. Two Persian newspapers Jam-i-Jahan Nama and Shamsul Akhbar were also published.
- After the collapse of Muslim dynasties, Ulama feared that colonial rulers would change the Muslim personal laws. To counter this they published Persian and Urdu translations of holy scriptures and printed religious newspapers and tracts.
- Newspapers and journals not only helped the publication of opinions but also connected people and communities in different parts of India. Newspapers conveyed news from one place to another creating Pan-India identity.
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