Political parties need to face and overcome a number of challenges in order to remain effective instruments of democracy

Political parties need to face and overcome a number of challenges in order to remain effective instruments of democracy. Write about any two of such challenges while citing appropriate examples.

Challenges to Political Parties:

  1. Lack of internal democracy within parties.
  2. Challenge of dynastic succession.
  3. Growing role of money and muscle power in parties.
  4. Parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters.
    Any two challenges to be explained with examples.