Highlight any three circumstances that led to the intermingling of the hearing culture and the written culture.
Hearing culture and the written culture:
- With the printing press, a new public emerged. Printing reduced the cost of books. Access to books created a new culture of reading. Earlier reading was restricted to elite.
- Common people lived in a world of oral culture. They heard sacred text read out, ballads recited and folk tales narrated. Knowledge was transferred orally.
- Printers began publishing popular ballads and folk tales, illustrated with pictures. These were sung and recited at gatherings. Oral culture thus entered print and printed material was orally transmitted.
- The line that separated oral and reading cultures diminished and the hearing and reading public intermingled.