GABRIEL phthalimide synthesis is preferred for synthesizing primary amines.WHY
Summary of Preparations
Summary of Reactions
Aromatic Compounds
Reactions of Aromatic Compounds
Alkyl Halides
Phenols and Aryl Halides
Alcohols and Ethers
Aldehydes and Ketones
Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
Amines
- Introduction to Amines
- Preparation of Amines
- Reactions of Amines
Spectroscopy and Structure
Spectroscopy and Structure
2
Preparation of Amines
The alkylation of ammonia, Gabriel synthesis, reduction of nitriles, reduction of amides, reduction of nitro compounds, and reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones are methods commonly used for preparing amines.
Alkylation of ammonia
The reaction of ammonia with an alkyl halide leads to the formation of a primary amine. The primary amine that is formed can also react with the alkyl halide, which leads to a disubstituted amine that can further react to form a trisubstituted amine. Therefore, the alkylation of ammonia leads to a mixture of products.
The utility of Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is based on the fact that the alkylation of ammonia is an unselective and inefficient route to amines in the laboratory on an industrial scale, the alkylation of ammonia is, however, widely employed.