What is hybridisation?
Explain the types of hybridisation( sp sp2 sp3 sp3d sp3d2)?
Explain the types of overlaping?
What is sigma and pi bonds?
Hybridisation:
It is the process of intermixing of the orbitals of slightly different energies so as to redistribute their energies resulting in the formation of new set of orbitals of equivalent energies and shape.
sp: In this one s and one P orbital mix and form two equivalent sp hybrid orbital. This hybrid involves the overlap between the two carbon atoms forming a? bond and two additional bond formed by p � p overlap
sp2: In sp 2 hybridization the 2 s orbital is mixed with only two of the three available 2 p orbitals.the two carbon atoms form a ? bond by overlapping two sp 2 orbitals and each carbon atom forms two covalent bonds with hydrogen by s � sp 2overlap all with 120� angles. The ? bond between the carbon atoms perpendicular to the molecular plane is formed by 2 p �2 p overlap
sp3: In this the one s orbital “mixes” with the three p orbitals to form four sp 3 hybrids.It involves four sigma bonds.
sp3d: In this one s orbital mixes with three p orbitals and one d orbital.In this three orbitals point towards the corner of an equilateral triangle while the other two are perpendicular to the plane of the triangle.
sp3d2: In this three p one s and two d orbitals overlap, and adopt octahedral hybridization.
sigma bond: A sigma bond is formed by end to end filled atomic orbitals along the internuclear axis.
pi bond: A pi bond is formed by the sideways overlap of two half filled p-orbitals.