Explain DNA polymorphism as the basis of genetic mapping of human genome

(i) Explain DNA polymorphism as the basis of genetic mapping of human genome.
(ii) State the role of VNTR in DNA fingerprinting.

(i) Polymorphism is inherited from parents to children.
So, it is useful for the identification (forensic application) and paternity testing. It arises due to mutations and also plays an important role in evolution and speciation. These mutations in the non-coding sequences have piled up with time and form the basis of DNA polymorphism. It is the basis of genetic mapping of human genome as well as DNA fingerprinting.
(ii) Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) belong to a class of satellite DNA called as minisatellite. VNTR are used as probes in DNA fingerprinting