Explain any three factors that led to the outbreak of bubonic plague in the modern part of Hanoi in 1903

Explain any three factors that led to the outbreak of bubonic plague in the modern part of Hanoi in 1903.

  • THE French part of Hanoi was built as a beautiful and clean city while the ‘native quarter’ was not provided with any modern facilities.
  • The refuse from the old city drained straight out into river.
  • During heavy rains, the refuse overflocked into the streets.
  • Thus, the city became the cause of the plague.
  • The sewers also served as a great transport system allowing the rats to move around the city without any problem.
  • The large sewers in the modern part of the city were an ideal and protected breeding grounds for rats.