American and Japanese workers can each produce 4 cars a year. An American worker can produce 10 tons of grain a year, whereas a Japanese worker can produce 5 tons of grain a year. To keep things simple, assume that each country has 100 million workers.
a. Graph the production possibilities frontiers for the American and Japanese economies.
b. Which country has an absolute advantage in producing cars? In producing grain?
c. Which country has a comparative advantage in producing cars? In producing grain?
d. Without trade, half of each country’s workers produce cars and half produce grain. What quantities of cars and grain does each country produce?
e. Starting from a position without trade, give an example in which trade makes each country better off.