What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.
Answer:
Irrigation is the process by which water is supplied to crops at different intervals. The time and frequency of irrigation varies according to different seasons, crops, and
soil types. There are various sources of irrigation such as wells, canals, rivers, dams, ponds, and lakes.
Two methods of irrigation which help in conservation of water are:
- Sprinkler system: This system is more useful on uneven land, having fewer water supplies. In this method, water is supplied using pipes to one or more central locations within the field. When water is allowed to flow7 under high pressure with the help of a pump, it gets sprinkled on the crops.
- Drip system: In this system, water is delivered at or near the roots of plants, drop by drop. This is the most efficient method of irrigation as there is no wastage of water at all. This method is important in areas where water availability is poor.