(a) Draw a schematic arrangement for winding of primary and secondary coil in a transformer when the two coils are wound on top of eachother.
(b) State the underlying principle of a transformer and obtain the expression for the ratio of secondary to primary voltage in terms of the
(i) number of secondary and primary windings and
(ii) primary and secondary currents.
© Write the main assumption involved in deriving the above relations.
(d) Write any two reasons due to which energy losses may occur in actual transformers
Principle of a transformer : When an alternating current flows through the primary coil, an emf is induced in the neighbouring (secondary) coil.
© Main assumptions
(i) The primary resistance and current are small.
(ii) The flux linked with the primary and secondary coils is same / there is no leakage of flux from the core.
(iii) Secondary current is small.
(d) Reason due to which energy loses may occur : -
Flux leakage/ Resistance of the coils/Eddy currents/ Hysteresis