Differentiate the following with examples.
(i) Innate and acquired immunity
(ii) Active and passive immunity.
(i) Differences between innate immunity and acquired immunity are:
Innate Immunity:
1.It includes the defence elements with which an individual is born.
2.It consists of various types of barriers that prevent the entry of foreign agents.
3.It remains throughout life.
Acquired Immunity:
1.It is immunity which is acquired after birth.
2.It consists of specialised cells (T-cells and B-cells) and antibodies that circulate in the body fluid.
3.It can be short lived or life long.
(ii) Differences between active immunity and passive immunity are:
Active Immunity:
1.It is developed due to contact with pathogen or its antigen.
2.It has no side effects.
3.It is slow but long lasting.
4.It takes time to develop its response.
5.e.g. vaccination for polio, etc.
Passive Immunity:
1.It is developed when ready-made antibodies are injected into the body.
2.It may cause a reaction.
3.It is fast but lasts only for few days.
4.It is used when the immune response has to be faster.
5.e.g. administration of tetanus antitoxins, etc.